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Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2025Section 2 › Proposal

A findings paragraph says defenses based on the passage of time must be precluded

To clarify the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016, to appropriately limit the application of defenses based on the passage of time and other non-merits defenses to claims under that Act, section 2, Sec. 2. Written by .

A findings paragraph says defenses based on the passage of time must be precluded

The document says “mustWho acts: CongressHow: statuteSec. 2 in the PDF
What the document says

“In order to effectuate the purpose of the Act to permit claims to recover Nazi-looted art to be resolved on the merits, these defenses must be precluded.”

To clarify the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016, to appropriately limit the application of defenses based on the passage of time and other non-merits defenses to claims under that Act, Sec. 2

A new paragraph (8) inserted into section 2 of the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016 (22 U.S.C. 1621 note), after the existing paragraph (7). The paragraph states that the intent of that Act is to permit claims to recover Nazi-looted art to be brought notwithstanding the passage of time since World War II, states that some courts have frustrated that intent by dismissing recovery lawsuits, and names the defenses it means: laches, adverse possession, acquisitive prescription, usucapion, the act of state doctrine, forum non conveniens, international comity, and prudential exhaustion. It cites three decisions as examples, Zuckerman v Metropolitan Museum of Art, 928 F.3d 186 (2d Cir. 2019), Cassirer v. Thyssen-Bornemisza Foundation, 89 F.4th 1226 (9th Cir. 2024), and Von Saher v Norton Simon Museum of Art at Pasadena, 897 F.3d 1141 (9th Cir. 2018). This law does not state what any of those decisions held.

What the document actually says

“In order to effectuate the purpose of the Act to permit claims to recover Nazi-looted art to be resolved on the merits, these defenses must be precluded.”

To clarify the Holocaust Expropriated Art Recovery Act of 2016, to appropriately limit the application of defenses based on the passage of time and other non-merits defenses to claims under that Act, Sec. 2
That sentence, in plain words

The old law was meant to let these cases be heard. So these court reasons for saying no must be shut off.

What this is about

Congress says here what it meant in 2016. It says some judges got it wrong. They threw out cases because many years had passed. Congress says that must stop.

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The quotation is the document's own words, exactly as printed, and we check the page number against the Act itself before publishing. The paragraph underneath is our summary, not the document's words. So is the plain English version, which is why it sits beside the quotation rather than replacing it.

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